Normal and Abnormal Embryonic Development in Virtual Reality

Purpose. To design and validate a desktop virtual reality (VR) system, for presentation and assessment of volumetric data, based on commercially-of-the-shelf (COTS) hardware as an alternative to a fully immersive CAVE-like I-Space VR system. Methods. We designed a desktop VR system, using a three-dimensional (3D) monitor and a 6 degreesof-freedom (6DOF) tracking system. A personal computer uses the V-Scope (Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands) volume rendering application, developed for the I-Space, to create a hologram of volumetric data. Interand intraobserver reliability for crown-rump length (CRL) and embryonic volume (EV) measurements are investigated using Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Time required for the measurements was recorded. Results. Comparing the I-Space and the desktop VR system, the mean difference for CRL is -0.34% (limits of agreement (LoA) -2.58 to 1.89, ±2.24%) and for EV -0.92% (LoA -6.97 to 5.13, ±6.05%). Intraand interobserver ICCs of the desktop VR system were all > 0.99. Measurement times were longer on the desktop VR system compared to the I-Space, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions. A user friendly desktop VR system can be put together using COTS hardware at an acceptable price. This system provides a valid and reliable method for embryonic length and volume measurements and can be used in clinical practice. 3D Virtual Reality Desktop System